{"id":896,"date":"2019-05-03T22:51:12","date_gmt":"2019-05-03T13:51:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philcul.net\/?p=896"},"modified":"2023-12-24T12:58:19","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T03:58:19","slug":"vol-4-no-1%e3%81%ae%e5%86%85%e5%ae%b9%e7%b4%b9%e4%bb%8b%ef%bc%88%e7%ac%ac2%e5%9b%9e%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/philcul.net\/?p=896","title":{"rendered":"Vol. 4, No. 1\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u7d39\u4ecb\uff08\u7b2c2\u56de\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u524d\u56de\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/philcul.net\/?p=861\">http:\/\/philcul.net\/?p=861<\/a>\uff09\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u7d9a\u304d\u3001\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u6700\u65b0\u520a\u300eVol. 4 No. 1\u300f\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u54f2\u5b66\u3078\u306e\u5165\u9580<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u300c\u30c7\u30f4\u30a3\u30c3\u30c9\u30fb\u30eb\u30a4\u30b9\u5165\u9580 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2\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001\u57fa\u790e\u7de8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30eb\u30a4\u30b9\u54f2\u5b66\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6839\u5e79\u3092\u62c5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u300d\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u300c\u4f55\u304b\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30eb\u30a4\u30b9\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8aac\u660e\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u30eb\u30a4\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7279\u5fb4\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u3042\u308a\u65b9\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5947\u5999\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u6982\u5ff5\u304c\u3001\u3058\u3064\u306f\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5fdc\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u5f90\u3005\u306b\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059<a href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>\u3002\u7b2c\uff12\u56de\u8a18\u4e8b\uff08Vol. 3 No. 1\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3001\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9f\u6761\u4ef6\u6587\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u306e\u6587\uff08\u300c\u3082\u3057A\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3089\u3001B\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3060\u308d\u3046\u300d\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30af\u30ea\u30a2\u306a\u5206\u6790\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u78ba\u304b\u3081\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3001\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9f\u6761\u4ef6\u6587\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306e\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u307b\u3069\u81ea\u660e\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u306e\u610f\u7fa9\u304c\u3088\u308a\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u4ed5\u65b9\u3067\u300c\u73fe\u91d1\u5316\u300d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u304c\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3092\u6271\u3063\u305f\u7b2c\uff13\u56de\u8a18\u4e8b\uff08Vol. 3 No. 2\uff09\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30eb\u30a4\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u8a00\u660e\uff08\u300cC\u304cE\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\u300d\uff09\u3092\u3001\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9f\u6761\u4ef6\u6587\uff08\u300c\u3082\u3057C\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3089\u3001E\u306f\u8d77\u3053\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3053\u306e\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9f\u6761\u4ef6\u6587\u306f\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u9593\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5206\u6790\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e00\u898b\u5947\u5999\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u306f\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u306e\u91cd\u5927\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u78ba\u304b\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3055\u3066\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u56de\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u5c04\u7a0b\u306e\u5e83\u3055\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u3001\u8a00\u308f\u3070\u3001\u5fdc\u7528\u7de8\u7b2c\u4e09\u5f3e<a href=\"#_msocom_1\"><\/a>\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30eb\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u300c\u30d5\u30a3\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u771f\u7406\uff08Truth in Fiction\uff09\u300d\uff081978\uff09\u8ad6\u6587<a href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u3001\u30d5\u30a3\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4f55\u304b\u304c\u771f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u614b\u304c\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3068\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300c\u30d5\u30a3\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3F\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bP\u300d\u3092\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9f\u6761\u4ef6\u6587\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aad\u307f\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u305d\u308c\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u6982\u5ff5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6d41\u308c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u7b2c\uff11\u56de\u8a18\u4e8b\u3068\u3001\u7b2c\uff12\u56de\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u524d\u534a\u3092\u5fa9\u7fd2\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3082\u3089\u3046\u3068\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u304c\u3088\u308a\u6df1\u307e\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u307e\u305f\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u306f\u3001\uff14\u56de\u306e\u9023\u8f09\u3067\u306f\u89e6\u308c\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3001\u30eb\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u5fc3\u306e\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u6027\u8cea\u8ad6\u3001\u30e1\u30bf\u502b\u7406\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u6587\u732e\u7d39\u4ecb\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30eb\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306e\u5168\u5bb9\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3046\u3048\u3067\u3082\u3001\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306f\u3001\u6709\u76ca\u306a\u8cc7\u6599\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u54f2\u5b66\u5165\u9580\u8a18\u4e8b\u3001\uff12\u672c\u76ee\u306f\u5927\u7551\u6c0f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6642\u9593\u8ad6\u5165\u9580\uff08\u5168\uff13\u56de\u3092\u4e88\u5b9a\uff09\u3067\u3059\u3002\u300c\u6642\u9593\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306f\u3001\u53e4\u304f\u304b\u3089\u54f2\u5b66\u306e\u91cd\u5927\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u6642\u9593\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3092\u4f5c\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u89b3\u5ff5\u8ad6\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30de\u30af\u30bf\u30ac\u30fc\u30c8\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3082\u5dee\u3057\u652f\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u30de\u30af\u30bf\u30ac\u30fc\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u300c\u6642\u9593\u306e\u975e\u5b9f\u5728\u6027\u300d\uff081908\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6642\u9593\u306b\u306f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u30fb\u73fe\u5728\u30fb\u672a\u6765\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6642\u5236\u306e\u533a\u5225\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5074\u9762\uff08A-\u7cfb\u5217\uff09\u3068\u3001\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u95a2\u4fc2\u304a\u3088\u3073\u540c\u6642\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5074\u9762\uff08B-\u7cfb\u5217\uff09\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u7740\u76ee\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001\u300c\u6642\u9593\u306f\u5b9f\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u3001\u8aac\u5f97\u529b\u3042\u308b\u8ad6\u8a3c\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<a href=\"#_ftn3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>\u3002\u5927\u7551\u6c0f\u306e\u5165\u9580\u8a18\u4e8b\u306f\u307e\u305a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30bf\u30ac\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u4e39\u5ff5\u306b\u8ffd\u3046\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304b\u3089\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30de\u30af\u30bf\u30ac\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u306f\u3001\u3068\u3046\u305c\u3093\u5927\u304d\u306a\u53cd\u97ff\u3092\u547c\u3073\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u4eca\u65e5\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u54f2\u5b66\u8005\u304c\u30de\u30af\u30bf\u30ac\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u300c\u6642\u9593\u306f\u5b9f\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5b9f\u306f\u3001\u30de\u30af\u30bf\u30ac\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u8ad6\u8a3c\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u62d2\u7d76\u3059\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\uff08\u5927\u7551\u6c0f\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u501f\u308a\u308c\u3070\uff09\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u6642\u9593\u8ad6\u306e\u30d0\u30c8\u30eb\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u300d\u306f\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3088\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059<a href=\"#_ftn4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a>\u3002\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u5f8c\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u306f\u30011\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304c\u6c38\u4e45\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u300c\u6c38\u4e45\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08eternalism\uff09\u300d\uff12\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u307f\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08presentism\uff09\u300d\uff13\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3001\u672a\u6765\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u300c\u6210\u9577\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u8aac\uff08growing block theory\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u3064\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u304c\u62b1\u3048\u308b\u8ab2\u984c\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001\u8a73\u7d30\u306b\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u6642\u9593\u8ad6\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u4fbf\u5229\u306a\u898b\u53d6\u308a\u56f3\u3092\u7372\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u6587\u5316\u306e\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b66<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u300c\u5199\u771f\u306e\u300c\u900f\u660e\u6027\u300d\u3068\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u300d\uff08\u92ad \u6e05\u5f18\uff09<\/li><li> \u300c\u30d3\u30c7\u30aa\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u3068\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3066: \u677e\u6c38\u4f38\u53f8\u300e\u30d3\u30c7\u30aa\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u7f8e\u5b66\u300f\u66f8\u8a55\u300d\uff08\u4e09\u6728 \u90a3\u7531\u4ed6\uff09 <\/li><li> \u300c\u5dee\u7570\u306e\u8a8d\u8b58\u3068\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u5909\u5bb9\u300d\uff08\u4f50\u85e4 \u90a6\u653f\uff09 <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6587\u5316\u306e\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b66\u8a18\u4e8b\u306b\u5bc4\u7a3f\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff13\u672c\u306e\u8ad6\u8003\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u3001\u5199\u771f\u306e\u7f8e\u5b66\u3001\u30d3\u30c7\u30aa\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u7f8e\u5b66\u3001\u5fb3\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\uff08\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u5909\u5bb9\uff09\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u92ad\u6c0f\u306e\u8ad6\u8003\u306f\u3001K.\u30a6\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u30f3\u304c\u300c\u900f\u660e\u306a\u753b\u50cf: \u5199\u771f\u7684\u30ea\u30a2\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u672c\u6027\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\uff08Transparent Pictures: On the Nature of Photographic Realism\uff09\u300d\uff081984\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2215023?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2215023?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a>\u3067\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u305f\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u64c1\u8b77\u3057\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u305d\u306e\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3092\u793a\u305d\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30a6\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u30f3\u306f\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u3001\u5199\u771f\u306f\u900f\u660e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u900f\u660e\u6027\u30c6\u30fc\u30bc\u300d\u3092\u63b2\u3052\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u308f\u308c\u308f\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5199\u771f\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u300c\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u300d\u88ab\u5199\u4f53\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u300c\u8996\u899a\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u300d\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5199\u771f\u306f\u3001\u624b\u88fd\u306e\u7d75\u753b\u3084\u30b9\u30b1\u30c3\u30c1\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u3080\u3057\u308d\u3001\u30e1\u30ac\u30cd\u3084\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u306b\u3088\u308a\u8fd1\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u92ad\u6c0f\u306f\u3001\u307e\u305a\u8ad6\u8003\u306e\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u3067\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30a6\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u30f3\u306e\u300c\u900f\u660e\u6027\u30c6\u30fc\u30bc\u300d\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u304c\u300c\u5ba2\u89b3\u6027\u300d\u3068\u300c\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u300d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u66f4\u306b\u300c\u900f\u660e\u6027\u30c6\u30fc\u30bc\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3046\u308b\u53cd\u8ad6<a href=\"#_ftn5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a>\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u8e0f\u307e\u3048\u5f8c\u534a\u90e8\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u300c\u900f\u660e\u6027\u30c6\u30fc\u30bc\u300d\u304c\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u5dfb\u304f\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306a\u304a\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3046\u308b\u306e\u304b\u304c\u554f\u984c\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u3082\u3001\u300c\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u5199\u771f\u300d\u304c\u767b\u5834\u3057\u3001\u8ab0\u306b\u3067\u3082\u5bb9\u6613\u306b\u5199\u771f\u52a0\u5de5\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3044\u307e\u3001\u5199\u771f\u7d4c\u9a13\u306f\u3001\u30a6\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u30f3\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u5f53\u6642\u307b\u3069\u300c\u73fe\u5b9f\u7684\u300d\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3082\u601d\u308f\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3051\u308c\u3069\u3082\u92ad\u6c0f\u306f\u3001\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u300c\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u306e\u6311\u6226\uff08Digital Challenge\uff09<a href=\"#_ftn6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u300d\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u306a\u304a\u3001\u30a6\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u30f3\u306e\u300c\u900f\u660e\u6027\u30c6\u30fc\u30bc\u300d\u306f\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e09\u6728\u6c0f\u306e\u8ad6\u8003\u306f\u3001\u6628\u5e74\uff11\uff10\u6708\u306b\u520a\u884c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u677e\u6c38\u4f38\u53f8\u6c0f\u306e\u300e\u30d3\u30c7\u30aa\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u7f8e\u5b66\u300f\uff08\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u4f1a\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u30d3\u30c7\u7f8e\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\uff0836\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\uff01\uff09\u672c\u683c\u7684\u306a\u66f8\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u8a00\u3067\u3044\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30d3\u30c7\u7f8e\u306f\u3001\u30d3\u30c7\u30aa\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u3092\u8a18\u53f7\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u6a19\u3068\u3057\u305f\u672c\u3067\u3059<a href=\"#_ftn7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a>\u3002\u3082\u3057\u30d3\u30c7\u30aa\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u304c\uff08\u8a00\u8a9e\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff09\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u8a18\u53f7\u4f53\u7cfb\u3092\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u30d3\u30c7\u30aa\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u3084\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306f\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u304c\u3001\u30d3\u30c7\u7f8e\uff08\u306e\u4e3b\u306b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\uff09\u3067\u306f\u8003\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3082\u3046\u3059\u3053\u3057\u88dc\u8db3\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\uff08syntax\uff09\u3068\u306f\u3001\u500b\u3005\u306e\u8a18\u53f7\u540c\u58eb\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u652f\u914d\u3059\u308b\u898f\u5247\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u884c\u3046\u8a18\u53f7\u5b66\u306e\u4e00\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u306f\u300cI like cats.\u300d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u6587\u3068\u300cLike cats I.\u300d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u975e\u6587\u3068\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304c\u4f55\u304b\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059<a href=\"#_ftn8\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a>\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u610f\u5473\u8ad6(semantics)\u3068\u306f\u3001\u8a18\u53f7\u3068\u305d\u308c\u304c\u8868\u3059\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3059\u308b\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u3059\u3002\u677e\u6c38\u6c0f\u306f\u3001\u30d3\u30c7\u30aa\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30de\u30ea\u30aa\uff09\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u3001\u30de\u30ea\u30aa\u3084\u3001\u571f\u7ba1\u3084\u3001\u30ad\u30ce\u30b3\u3082\u307e\u305f\uff08\u5358\u8a9e\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\uff09\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u8a18\u53f7\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u307e\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3001\u8a18\u53f7\u540c\u58eb\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u30de\u30ea\u30aa\u3068\u30ad\u30ce\u30b3\uff09\u3092\u652f\u914d\u3059\u308b\u898f\u5247\u3084\u3001\u8a18\u53f7\u3068\u305d\u308c\u304c\u8868\u3059\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u753b\u9762\u306e\u30de\u30ea\u30aa\u306f\u4f55\u3092\u8868\u8c61\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e09\u6728\u6c0f\u306f\u3001\u30d3\u30c7\u30aa\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u3068\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u5f35\u306b\u540c\u610f\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001\u677e\u6c38\u6c0f\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u7406\u8ad6\u306b\u306f\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u3079\u304d\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u304c\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u3082\u3046\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306f\u677e\u6c38\u6c0f\u306e\u8a00\u3046\u300c\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u300d\u306f\u5225\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u6349\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e09\u6728\u6c0f\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3089\u3092\u30ab\u30d0\u30fc\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304f\u3001\u8907\u5408\u7684\u8a18\u53f7\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u3092\u88dc\u3044\u3001\u677e\u6c38\u6c0f\u306e\u8a00\u3046\u865a\u69cb\u7684\u300c\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u300d\u3068\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30af\u30b9\u7684\u300c\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u300d\u304c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u3001\u5b9f\u306f\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u3068\u6e96\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u63d0\u6848\u3092\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u54f2\u5b66\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u304b\u3089\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3066\u307f\u305b\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u306b\u6279\u5224\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3067\u306f\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u677e\u6c38\u6c0f\u306e\u8a66\u307f\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u524d\u9032\u3055\u305b\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3001\u3044\u308f\u3070\u300c\u30e9\u30d6\u30ec\u30bf\u30fc\u300d\u7684\u306a\u66f8\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f50\u85e4\u6c0f\u306e\u8ad6\u8003\u306f\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u3068\u5065\u5e38\u8005\u3068\u304c\u5171\u751f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u4e2d\u3067\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u914d\u616e\uff08reasonable accommodation\uff09\u300d\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u300c\u500b\u3005\u306e\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3084\u9078\u597d\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u304c\u88ab\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u969c\u58c1\u3092\u9664\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3057\u305f\u3089\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u306e\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u3092\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8003\u5bdf\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4f50\u85e4\u6c0f\u306f\u307e\u305a\u3001\u8ad6\u8003\u306e\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u3067\u3001\u8fd1\u5e74\u306e\u969c\u5bb3\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u30b5\u30fc\u30d9\u30a4\u3057\u3001\u7570\u8cea\u306a\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u5171\u751f\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7279\u5fb4\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3092\u62bc\u3055\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u3068\u306e\u5171\u751f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u3068\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308a\u3001\u304a\u4e92\u3044\u306e\u5dee\u7570\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5fb3\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3051\u3001\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u306b\u5909\u5bb9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3001\u8ad6\u8003\u5f8c\u534a\u90e8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u5dee\u7570\u306e\u8a8d\u8b58\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u5909\u5bb9\u304c\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9054\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u3064\u306f\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3084\u9078\u597d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u300c\u5dee\u7570\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u8a8d\u8b58\u300d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751f\u3058\u308b\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u5909\u5bb9\u3067\u3059<a href=\"#_ftn9\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a>\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u76ee\u306f\u300c\u5dee\u7570\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306e\u8a8d\u8b58\u300d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751f\u3058\u308b\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u5909\u5bb9\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u8003\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u4f50\u85e4\u6c0f\u306f\u3001\u5dee\u7570\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u8a8d\u8b58\u3092\u66f4\u65b0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3067\u76f8\u624b\u3068\u306e\u6469\u64e6\u3092\u6e1b\u3089\u3057\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u3066\u3044\u304d\u3064\u3064\u3082\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u304c\u9032\u3093\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3053\u305d\u898b\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308b\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u539f\u7406\u7684\u306a\u300c\u308f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3055\u300d\u3092\u53d7\u5bb9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3053\u305d\u3001\u5171\u751f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u5909\u5bb9\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uff08\u7b2c3\u56de\u306b\u7d9a\u304f\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u6700\u65b0\u520a\u306f\u3001Amazon \u3084\u4e00\u90e8\u66f8\u5e97\u3084\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u5354\u306b\u3066\u304a\u6c42\u3081\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/philcul.net\/?page_id=48#store\">http:\/\/philcul.net\/?page_id=48#store<\/a>\uff09\u3054\u610f\u898b\u30fb\u3054\u611f\u60f3\u3001\u304a\u5f85\u3061\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u7de8\u96c6\u90e8<br>\u8c37\u7530 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> \u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u30eb\u30a4\u30b9\u3068\u306f\u5225\u306e\u4ed5\u65b9\u3067\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u7279\u5fb4\u3065\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30eb\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u3084\u308a\u65b9\u304c\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9f\u6761\u4ef6\u6587\u306e\u5206\u6790\u3084\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u306b\u5fdc\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u3084\u308a\u65b9\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u62bc\u3055\u3048\u3066\u304a\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>[2]<\/sup> <em>Philosophical Papers<\/em> Volume I\u306b\u53ce\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"http:\/\/www.oxfordscholarship.com\/view\/10.1093\/0195032047.001.0001\/acprof-9780195032048\">http:\/\/www.oxfordscholarship.com\/view\/10.1093\/0195032047.001.0001\/acprof-9780195032048<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> 2017\u5e74\u306b\u3001\u6c38\u4e95\u5747\u6c0f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7ffb\u8a33\u304c\u520a\u884c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"http:\/\/bookclub.kodansha.co.jp\/product?item=0000211898\">http:\/\/bookclub.kodansha.co.jp\/product?item=0000211898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> \u30de\u30af\u30bf\u30ac\u30fc\u30c8\u306f\u3001(i)\u6642\u9593\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3092\u306a\u3059\u306e\u306fA-\u7cfb\u5217\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001(ii)A-\u7cfb\u5217\u306f\u77db\u76fe\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6642\u9593\u306f\u5b9f\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8ad6\u8a3c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001(i)\u3092\u62d2\u7d76\u3059\u308b\u7acb\u5834\u304c\u300c\u7121\u6642\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u3001(ii)\u3092\u62d2\u7d76\u3059\u308b\u7acb\u5834\u304c\u300c\u6642\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6c38\u4e45\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306f\u524d\u8005\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3068\u6210\u9577\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u8aac\u306f\u5f8c\u8005\u306b\u5c5e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a> \u92ad\u6c0f\u304c\u3053\u3053\u3067\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53cd\u8ad6\u306f\u3001\u5199\u771f\u306e\u751f\u6210\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u306e\u610f\u56f3\u3084\u4fe1\u5ff5\u304c\u95a2\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3001\u300c\u5199\u771f\u306f\u300e\u5ba2\u89b3\u6027\u300f\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001Snyder and Allen\uff081975\uff09<em>Photography, Vision, and Representation<\/em>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/abs\/10.1086\/447832?mobileUi=0&amp;\">https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/abs\/10.1086\/447832?mobileUi=0&amp;<\/a>\uff09\u304c\u3053\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u306e\u53cd\u8ad6\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a> \u300c\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u306e\u6311\u6226\u300d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001Gooskens (2011)\u306eThe Digital Challenge: Photographic Realism Revisited\u304c\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3061\u3089\u304b\u3089pdf\u3092\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"http:\/\/proceedings.eurosa.org\/3\/gooskens2011.pdf\">http:\/\/proceedings.eurosa.org\/3\/gooskens2011.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> 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href=\"http:\/\/www.keio-up.co.jp\/np\/detail_contents.do?goods_id=3928\">http:\/\/www.keio-up.co.jp\/np\/detail_contents.do?goods_id=3928<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a> 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